Building within the framework of the multi-State efforts for conflict resolution in Afghanistan, more narrowly-focused talks took place in Moscow on 5 and 6 February 2019 among some 50 Afghan participants led on the one hand by former President Hamed Karzai, President from late 2001 to 2014, and Sher Mohammed Abbas Stanikzai, the chief negotiator for the Taliban. While the original Moscow Format conference was organized by the Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation, this follow up was stated as being at the invitation of the Afghan diaspora living in Russia. In any difficult, prolonged effort as this Moscow Format, […]
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30 Nov 2018 – At the 26 November Emergency session of the U.N. Security Council, Rosemary DiCarlo, Under Secretary-General for Political Affairs said: “The United Nations is deeply concerned about this escalation of tensions which is taking place in the broader context of the conflict in eastern Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea.” “This escalation” was an attack by Russian security forces on two Ukrainian warships and their tugboat guide passing through the Kerch Strait into the Sea of Azov on the way to the Ukrainian port city of Mariupol. A 2003 treaty between Russia and Ukraine designates the Kerch Strait and […]
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Carl Ransom Rogers was a US psychologist and educator and a leading figure of what is often called “the third wave of psychology.” The first wave was Freud and Jung and their views of psychoanalysis. The second wave was the behaviorists symbolized by B.F. Skinner and the later behavior-modification specialists. The third wave, often called “humanist”, has Abraham Maslow, Rollo May, and Carl Rogers as its best known figures. Unlike Freud and Jung who developed relatively-closed approaches and a set of therapeutic techniques built on their theories, the humanist psychological theory and therapies could change according to the persons being […]
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World Citizen Norman Cousins was a pioneer of Track II diplomacy. Track I is official government to government diplomacy among instructed representative of the State. Track II is a non-official effort, usually by a non-governmental organization (NGO) or an academic institution. Track II talks are discussions held by non-officials of conflicting parties in an attempt to clarify outstanding disputes and to explore the options for resolving them in settings that are less public or less sensitive than those associated with official negotiations. Track II talks can also be defined by what they are not: neither academic conferences nor secret diplomacy […]
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- Politics
- by Louisa Garbo
- 18. January 2019
- 2 Comments
Land use planning in the public agencies practice dispute resolution through negotiation, facilitation and consensus building methods on a regular basis. It is when the nature and scale of the development proposal is perceived to have adverse impacts on the community, be it social, environmental or economical, that the traditional public input and negotiation processes seem to fail to bring the stakeholders and the community together. Unfortunately, alternative dispute resolution such as mediation has not been utilized by most planning agencies. One argument is that land use planning involves a very complex process governed by many layers of legislations, local […]
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This article is an excerpt of a paper I wrote a few years ago in which I explored a case study on the wave of Chinese immigrants in Vancouver in the 1990s and analyzed the role of communication in the case study. Hong Kong was handed over to Great Britain on August 29, 1842 during the First Opium War (1839-1942) under the Treaty of Nanking, which subsequently ended the war between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Qing Dynasty of China;1the Treaty was to expire in 1997. With the political uncertainties as Hong Kong was heading […]
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The problem arises with the intrusion of plain land people and taking over lands ethnic minority in Chattogram Hill Trucks (CHT). The ethnicity, cultural, linguistic and religious distinctiveness of the indigenous people of CHT was also disturbed by the plain land Bangalis. The governments of the last few centuries also gradually curtail the autonomy of the region. Historically the CHT had always enjoyed an autonomous or quasi-autonomous status under the Mughals, British, and Pakistan period. Under the British, the region was kept apart from both the provinces of Bengal and Assam and ruled indirectly by the Governor-General Council through the […]
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While criminal law is the body of law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses, civil law deals with the disputes between individuals, organizations, or between the two, in which compensation is awarded to the victim. All civil proceedings in Bangladesh are regulated under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, unless otherwise excluded. The only one exception to the Section 89A(1), which provides that except in a suit under the Artha Rin Adalat Ain, 1990 (Bank loan recovery act). The Judicial system takes about 20to 30 years to dismiss a suit finally. To recover from this […]
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Following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, a number of conflicts arose in areas of some of the post-Soviet states, usually where the new international borders did not match the ethnic affiliations of local populations. These conflicts are often referred to as frozen conflicts. The term is used for situations in which there is no active armed conflict but at the same time no peace treaty or other political agreement that would satisfy the conflicting parties. Therefore, the conflict can start again at any moment, creating an environment of insecurity and instability. There are several conflict zones on the […]
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The two countries Greece and the Republic of North Macedonia had a conflict since the second country declared its independence under the name of Macedonia in 1991. The core of the dispute is about the name of one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia because there is a confusion between the name of the country and the historic region of the neighbouring country of Greece which has the same name[1]. The Republic of North Macedonia became a member of the United Nations (UN) in 1993, but it was admitted under the notion: the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. […]
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Sudan has all the characteristics of an intractable conflict. The roots of the problem run deep into the Sudanese society, heavily influenced by cultural factors, such as religion, ethnicity, ideology, and economics. In this paper, I will describe the major characteristics of this conflict, and use it as a base to suggest and discuss a few recommendations about how an international neutral could go about building bridges among the parties in dispute, especially at the community level. Specifically, I will discuss and comment on Arai’s concept of dialoguing with genuine curiosity, the starting points discussed by LeBaron and Pillay, the […]
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The profession of business is interdependent of many stakeholders. Business enterprises are part of manufacturing or creating products and services. This is a kind of relay race. The concept of supply chain management developed from specialization of job of making something which again raw materials of other business and finally creating a good or service to deliver to consumer for consumption. Businesses are dependent on upstream as source of raw material and dependent on buyer at downstream market. The relationship is not for one day or cannot develop over night. The success of one business is part of a supply […]
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“You should never mix politics and football. You should always show respect. It’s a wonderful atmosphere and a positive experience and that’s what football should be about” – said the Swiss coach after the match between Serbia and Switzerland at 2018 football World Cup in Russia. The coach was commenting on the controversy related to three Swiss players – two of them born in Kosovo – who celebrated their goals with «Albanian eagle» on the field. The gesture was deemed politically-motivated by Serbia, it filed a formal complaint, so FIFA initiated disciplinary proceedings for those players in question. That episode is just […]
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- Politics
- by Charalee Graydon
- 1. July 2018
- 3 Comments
Once on a time from all the Circles seven Between the steadfast Earth and Rolling Heaven The Birds, of all Note, Plumage, and Degree, That float in Air, and roost upon the Tree; And they that from the Waters snatch their meat, And they that scour the Desert with long Feet: Birds of all Natures, known or not known to Man, Flock’d from all Quarters into the full Divan, … This was the Grievance – this the solemn Thing On which the scatter’d Commonwealth of Wing, From all the four Winds, flying like to Cloud That met and blacken’d Heav’n […]
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Like many other Latin American countries, Brazil had a period of military rule, having left its complicated legacy of the divided society. The country attempted to overcome the consequences of political violence by implementing truth and reconciliation commission in 2011 – this measure took much longer to be implemented than in most other neighbor countries. The first part of this report explores the reasons for that belated action and complications it implied. The second part of the report analyzes restorative practices implemented in Brazil. The country is known for its creative celebration of life. Unfortunately, it is also notorious for […]
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- Politics
- by Charalee Graydon
- 13. June 2018
- 3 Comments
On June 1, 2017, President Trump announced that the United States (US) would be leaving the Paris agreement1, a global commitment by 195 countries to combat climate change (the Paris agreement). The President’s comment during the announcement, “I represent the citizens of Pittsburgh, not Paris” illustrated a nationalistic approach to a global issue affecting humankind. The decision rejected scientific, corporate, religious and international calls to address the threat of climate change. The President adopted both a nationalistic and self-focused position isolating the US from other countries of the world. His campaign promise of “America First” may have the result of […]
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- Politics
- by Charalee Graydon
- 6. June 2018
- 5 Comments
Framework: The Paris Agreement meets the requirements of a treaty under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and is part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This paper examines the status and legal structure of the agreement in international law, sets out the objectives of the Paris Agreement and provides background material leading to the Paris Agreement. It is shown that the agreement supports the objectives of the UFCCC which seeks international cooperation to combat climate change by limiting average global temperature increases and to deal with climate change impacts. The Agreement is a […]
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- Politics
- by Charalee Graydon
- 6. June 2018
- 1 Comment
This paper reviews how universal jurisdiction has been applied to the international criminal offence of piracy outside the territorial waters of States. It deals with the criminal offence of piracy under customary law as well as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 (hereafter referred to as UNCLOS). For these sources, it examines the criminal offence of piracy and comments on its legitimacy as universal criminal law in comparison with other international criminal laws. The Courts handling of international piracy offences will be mentioned as well as enforcement powers provided. Following my review, it is […]
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- Politics
- by Daniel Erdmann
- 30. November 2017
- 3 Comments
Scenario: Berlin, December 19th, 2016 – It is a wonderful pre-christmas evening, with a clear sky, lots of stars, and a bit fresh. A family meets with a bunch of children in front of a movie theatre in order to celebrate the 12th birthday of their beloved son. The friends welcome each other with a bright smile, laughter, and full of enthusiasm. As happy as they entered to see the film, that happy they spent their time, and left again. Their parents were waiting and the gifts were exchange. The music of the christmas market filled the air, and one […]
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